Association of H. pylori with Serum Iron Levels and Some Risk Factors in Children Aged 1-12 Years Attending the Buea Regional Hospital
International Blood Research & Reviews,
Page 65-74
DOI:
10.9734/ibrr/2021/v13i130162
Abstract
Background and Objective: Helicobacter pylori (HP) is a very common human infection worldwide, colonizing the stomach of 50% of the world’s population. H. pylori play a major role in the development of iron deficiency, chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer and gastric cancer. H. pylori infection is more prevalent in developing countries and its acquisition is predominant in childhood. The aim was to determine the prevalence of HP and its association with serum iron levels in children aged 1-12 years attending the Buea Regional Hospital.
Methods: This was a hospital based cross sectional study involving 189 children. About 2 mL venous blood was collected and analyzed using immunoassay diaspot one step H. pylori Test Device and spectrophotometers to determine H. pylori immunoglobulin G and serum iron level respectively. Chi-square and Odd ratio test were used to determine the association at 95% confidence interval.
Results: A prevalence of 31.7% (60/189) and 47.1% (73/155) for H. pylori and low serum iron level was observed respectively. There was significantly associated between H. pylori and serum iron levels, with majority (60% (36/60)) of the HP positive participants having normal iron level 60% (36/60) (P=0.007 χ2=9.91). A significant association was also observed between HP and Anemia, with majority (41.67% (25/60)) of those positive for HP experienced mild anemia (P=0.009 χ2=11.55). H. pylori was more prevalent among males 38.04% (35/92) compared to 25.77% (25/97) for females.
Conclusion: This study recorded 31.7% and 47.1% prevalence of H. pylori and low serum iron level respectively, in the studied population. Male gender was most likely to be infected with H. pylori infection and children of age group 5 ≤ - < 9 years recorded the highest HP infection. There was significantly associated between H. pylori and serum iron levels, as well as H. pylori and type of anemia, although majority of H. pylori positive individuals had high serum iron level and mild anemia. This may imply that HP remains one of many risk factors or comorbidities of anemia and abnormal iron levels.
Keywords:
- H. pylori
- iron deficiency
- parasitic infection
- personal hygiene
How to Cite
References
Ahuja V, Dhar A, Bal C, Sharma MP. Lansoprazole and secnidazole with clarithromycin, amoxicilin or pefloxicin in the eradication of Helicobacter pylori in a developing country. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 1998;12:1-5.
Queiroz DMM, Rocha AMC, Crabtree JE. Unintended consequences of Helicobacter pylori infection in children in developing countries. Caspian J Intern Med. 2013; 4(6):494–50.
G. Hematologic manifestations of Helicobacter pylori infection. World J Gastroenterol. 2014;20(36):11-16.
McColl KE, Omar E, Gillen D, Interactions between H. pylori infection, gastric acid secretion and anti-secretory therapy. Am J Gastroenterol. 1998;54(1): 21-38.
Ndip RN, Malange AE, Akoachere JF, MacKay WG, Titanji VP, Weaver LT. Helicobacter pylori antigens in the faeces of asymptomatic children in the Buea and Limbe health districts of Cameroon: a pilot study. Trop Med Int Health. 2004;9(9):36-40.
World Health Organization. Iron Deficiency Anaemia: Assessment, Prevention, and Control: A Guide for Programme Managers; 2001. Geneva, Switzerland. Available:http://www.who.int/nutrition/publications/en/ida_assessment_prevention_control.pdf,
Wimbley JTD, Graham DY. Diagnosis and management of iron deficiency anemia in the 21st century. Therap Adv Gastroenterol. 2011;4 (3):177-184.
Mathew W. Iron deficiency anemia. Madigan Healthcare System, Tacoma, Washington: Jason E. 2013;110-145.
Hutton EK, Hassan ES. Late versus early clamping of the umbilical cord in full-term neonates: systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled trials. JAMA. 2007;297(11):1241-1252.
Baggett H C, Parkinson AJ, Muth PT, Gold BD. Gessner BD. Endemic Iron Deficiency Associated with Helicobacter pylori Infection Among School-Aged Children in Alaska. Pediatrics. 2006;117:396-404.
Mehmood A, Akram M, Shahab U, Ahmed A, Usmanghani K, Abdul H, Mohiuddin E, Asif M. Helicobacter pylori: An Introduction. Inter J App Biol and Pharmacol Technol.
Seo JK, Choi KD. Serum ferritin and Helicobacter pylori infection in children: a sero-epidemiologic study in Korea. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2002;17:4-7.
Folefac F, Lifongo L, Nkeng G, Gaskin S. Municipal drinking water source protection in low income Countries: case of Buea municipality Cameroon. J Ecol and Natural Enviro. 2009;1(4):73-84.
Chesbrough M. District laboratory practice in tropical countries. 2nd. New York: Tropical health technology; 2005.
Aguemon BD, Struelens MJ, Massougbodji A, Ouendo EM. Prevalence and risk-factors for Helicobacter pylori infection in urban and rural Beninese populations. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2005;11(8):611-704.
Zamani A, Shariat M, Yazdi ZO, Bahremand S, Asbagh PA, Dejakam A. Relationship between Helicobacter pylori infection and Serum Ferritin level in primary school children of Tehran-Iran. J Pak Med Assoc. 2011;61(7):658 - 661.
18. Queiroz DMM, Harris PR, Sanderson IR, Windle HJ, Walker MM, Rocha AMC, Rocha GA, Carvalho SD, PFS, Fonseca de Castro LP, Villagrán A, Serrano C, Kelleher D, Crabtree JE. Iron Status and Helicobacter pylori Infection in Symptomatic Children: An International Multi-Centered Study. Plos One. 2013; 8(7):688.
Ebule IA, Longdoh AN, Paloheimo IL. Helicobacter pylori infection and atrophic gastritis. Afr Health Sci. 2013;13(1):112–117.
Mynepalli SKC, Osamor M, Mumuni A. Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori and hygiene practices among public secondary school students in Ikeja local government area, Lagos, Nigeria. Health. 2014;6(4): 250-258.
Khalifa1 MM, Sharaf RR, Aziz RK. Helicobacter pylori: a poor man’s gut pathogen? Gut Pathog. 2010;2:2.
Saler T, Keşkek SQ, Kırk S, Ahbab S, Ortoğlu G. H. pylori May Not Be Associated with Iron Deficiency Anemia in Patients with Normal Gastrointestinal Tract Endoscopy Results. Adv Haematol. 2014; (375915):1-4.
-
Abstract View: 360 times
PDF Download: 155 times
